Python Basic

py --version
python --version

# \n : Newline
#  \t : Tab
#  \\ : Backslash
#  \" : Double quote
#  \' : Single quot

print("Hello, World!\nThis is a new line.")
print("This is a tab:\tSee the space?")
print("This is a backslash: \\")
print("This is a double quote: \"")
print("This is a single quote: \'")

Message = 'Hello Python interpreter!'
print(Message.upper()) # HELLO PYTHON INTERPRETER!
print(Message.lower()) # hello python interpreter!

FirstName = 'abc'
LastName = 'xyz'
FullName = FirstName.title()+' '+LastName.title() 
print(FullName) # Abc Xyz
print('abc xyz'.title()) # Abc Xyz


name =input("Enter your name: ")
age =int(input("Enter your age: "))
print(f"Hello {name}, you are {age} years old.")
print("Hello {0}, you are {1} years old.".format(name, age))
print("Hello %s, you are %d years old." % (name, age))
print("Hello {name}, you are {age} years old.".format(name=name, age=age))
print("Hello "+name, " you are "+str(age)+" years old.")


# print function enter new line By Default 
print("Hello, World!") #Means print("Hello, World!",end='\n')

# print function without new line
print("Hello, World!", end='')
print("Hello, World2!") 

#print function without separator
print("Hello", "World",5,6)
# print function with separator
print("Hello", "World", sep=', ')


# print function with multiple arguments
print("Hello", "World", "Python", sep=' - ', end='!\n')

print('  Hello hello  '.strip()) # remove left right space
print('  Hello hello  '.rstrip()) # remove right space
print('  Hello hello  '.lstrip()) # remove left space

# removes the specified prefix ('https://') from the beginning of the string, if it exists.
print('https://nostarch.com'.removeprefix('https://')) 

# removes the specified suffix ('.com') from the end of the string, if it exists.
print('https://nostarch.com'.removesuffix('.com')) 

# order=> not->and->or
# True or False and False # True or False=> True
# True and not False # True

# Membership Operators:
# 'in' and 'not in' are membership operators in Python.
# They are used to test if a value is found in a sequence (such as a string, list, or tuple).

# Example:
my_list = 
print(3 in my_list)  # Output: True
print(6 not in my_list)  # Output: True

# Identity Operators: 
# 'is' and 'is not' are identity operators in Python.
# They are used to test if two variables refer to the same object in memory.
a = 
b = a
c = 
print(a is b)  # Output: True (b is the same object as a)
print(a is c)  # Output: False (c is a different object with the same content)
print(a is not c)  # Output: True (a and c are not the same object)

# match value:
#     case pattern1:
#     # Code to execute if value matches pattern1
#     case pattern2:
#     # Code to execute if value matches pattern2
#     case _:
#     # Default case (if no patterns match

Ststus = 404

match Ststus:
    case 200:
        print("OK")
    case 404:
        print("Not Found")
    case 500:
        print("Internal Server Error")
    case _: 
        print("Unknown Status Code")

for i in range(1,10):
    if i == 5:
        #continue: skip the rest of the loop for this iteration
        continue
    print(i)
    if i == 8:
        #break: exit the loop entirely
        break
# This code will print numbers from 1 to 9, skipping 5 and stopping at 8.
# Output:
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
# 6
# 7

for i in range(1,10):
    if i == 5:
        pass #do nothing
    print(i)

# Output:
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
# 6
# 7
# 8
# 9

a='0123456789'
print(a)  # This will print '0'
print(a)  # This will print '1234'
print(a)  # This will print '123456789'
print(a)  # This will print '13'
print(a)  # This will print '02468'
print(a)  # This will print '9876543210'
print(a)  # This will print '9' #reversed indexing 10-1 = 9
print(a)  # This will print '8' #reversed indexing 10-2 = 8

text = " hello world "
print(text.upper())
# Output: " HELLO WORLD "
print(text.lower())
# Output: " hello world "
print(text.strip())
# Output: "hello world"
print(text.replace("world", "Python")) # Output: " hello Python "
print(text.split()) #print(type(text.split())) return list
# Output: 

text = "apple-banana-orange"
fruits = text.split('-')
print(fruits) # Output: 

newText = '**'.join(fruits)
print(newText) # Output: apple**banana**orange

text = "hello world"
print(text.title()) # Output: "Hello World"
print(text.capitalize()) # Output: "Hello world"

text = "Python is fun"
print(text.find("is")) # Output: 7
print(text.replace("fun", "awesome")) # Output: "Python is awesome"

# Checking String Properties
text = "Python123"
print(text.isalpha()) # Output: False
print(text.isdigit()) # Output: False
print(text.isalnum()) # Output: True
print(text.isspace()) # Output: False

name = "Himanshu"
age = 25
pi = 3.14

x = 100        # x is an integer
x = "Hello"    # Now x is a string

x = 42
print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>

a = b = c = 0       # All three variables get the value 0
x, y, z = 1, 2, 3   # Each variable gets its own value