CLASSES in Python

from loguru import logger  # loguru एक लाइब्रेरी है जिससे हम आसानी से जानकारी लॉग कर सकते हैं

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age, subject='English'):
        # जब भी कोई स्टूडेंट बनाया जाएगा, ये जानकारी उसमें रखी जाएगी
        self.StudentName = name
        self.StudentAge = age
        self.StudentSubject = subject
        self.Teacher = 'NA'         # हर स्टूडेंट का टीचर 'Dom' ही है (बाद में इसे बदल सकते हैं)
        self.SchoolName = ''         # स्कूल का नाम बाद में अपडेट किया जाएगा

    def StudentInfo(self):
        # स्टूडेंट का नाम और उम्र लॉग करें
        logger.info(f"Student name is {self.StudentName} and age is {self.StudentAge}.")

    def SchoolUpdate(self, SN):
        # स्कूल का नाम सेट करें और लॉग करें
        self.SchoolName = SN
        logger.info(f"School Name updated to: {self.SchoolName}")

Student1 = Student("Manali",25,"CS")
Student1.StudentInfo() # Student name is Manali and age is 25.
Student1.SchoolUpdate('Suman childern school') # School Name updated to: Suman childern school

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

class Car:
    """A simple attempt to represent a car."""

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """Initialize attributes to describe a car."""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """Return a neatly formatted descriptive name."""
        long_name = f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        """Print a statement showing the car's mileage."""
        print(f"This car has {self.odometer_reading} miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(self, mileage):
        """Set the odometer reading to the given value."""
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self, miles):
        """Add the given amount to the odometer reading."""
        self.odometer_reading += miles

    def fill_gas_tank(self):
        """Electric cars don't have gas tanks."""
        print("This car have a gas tank!")


class Battery:
    """A simple attempt to model a battery for an electric car."""
    def __init__(self, battery_size):
        """Initialize the battery's attributes."""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """Print a statement describing the battery size."""
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-kWh battery.")

class ElectricCar(Car):
    """Represent aspects of a car, specific to electric vehicles."""
    def __init__(self, make, model, year,Battery_size=40):
        """Initialize attributes of the parent class."""
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery = Battery(Battery_size)

    def fill_gas_tank(self):
        """Electric cars don't have gas tanks."""
        print("This car doesn't have a gas tank!")


my_leaf = ElectricCar('nissan', 'leaf', 2024)
print(my_leaf.get_descriptive_name())
my_leaf.battery.describe_battery()
my_leaf.fill_gas_tank()

class Point:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
            self.x = x
            self.y = y
    def __add__(self, other): # Overloading the + operator
    #  'other' refers to the object on the *right* side of the +
        return Point(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)
    def __str__(self): # String representation (for print() and str())
     return f"({self.x}, {self.y})"
    def __eq__(self, other): # Overloading == operator
        return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
    

    
p1 = Point(1, 2)
p2 = Point(3, 4)
p3 = p1 + p2  # Overloading the + operator It calls p1.__add__(p2) 
print(p1) # Output: (1, 2)  (This uses the __str__ method)
print(p2) # Output: (3, 4)
print(p3) # Output: (4, 6)
print(p1 == p2) # Overloading == operator #Output: False (This uses the __eq__ method)

class MyList:
    def __init__(self, items):
        pass


print(dir(MyList)) 
# output: 
# Note: The output may vary based on the Python version and environment.